VDNH stalls were built mainly in the 1950s to show the strength, prosperity and achievements of the Soviet Union. As a result, a city of Sard with a fountain and palace appeared, where almost every building was an object of the federal cultural heritage. Unfortunately, in recent years, they have lost their brightness, lost a number of sculptures and decorations with mortar.
But in 2014, a large -scale revival program of VDNH began, and the capital's masters gradually returned to the rich decoration of stalls, mortar decoration and historical facades. Over the past years, 40 cultural heritage subjects in VDNH have been restored.
On August 1, the main exhibition of the country held the 86th birthday. We talked about the most interesting architectural details of the stalls, found the recovery houses, as well as why there were no pure white buildings on the territory of VDNH and the way the manager managers to restore missing fragments.
Golden Spire, Space arch and Tabakerka WeatherCock
Each Pavilion VDNH is unique in its form. Some are similar to ancient Greek temples, others – to the palace and others – to the tent of Khans. The best Soviet architects, cultural experts of different peoples, who have sought to convey the main characteristics and agricultural achievements of a specific Republic that participated in their design.
Therefore, the No. 1 Central Central booth, a large -scale recovery ended in the fall of 2023, like a 97 -meter high palace with large columns. It was built to open an updated exhibition in 1954 under the project of Yuri Schuko and Evgenia Stolyarov.
The front of the stall faces Terrazite plaster, including a colored plaster and marble. When we started to recover, the outer walls were painted with white paint. Soviet Union.
The central stall was crowned with a tower covered with gold. Over the years, it has been cracked and almost completely lost. Recovery houses cause a new one, but it will be enough for decades. Susal gold is exposed to wind, sun, rain, snow. This method has not been invented on how to make it eternal. Varnii cannot be applied on top, because other materials, such combination will only accelerate our destruction and notes.
A stall is restored different from the unusual facade – No. 34 Cos Cosmos (formerly mechanized). It is linked to Byzantine Basilica, or with a greenhouse. However, according to the chief architect, in the first version of 1939, the building included a conference (Hall Angara). The equipment samples are displayed inside, including agriculture. Only in 1954, the middle and the volume were crowned with a dome made from metal frame and glass were added. The result is a complex multi -directional design.
The Soviet Cultural Stall No. 66 (former Uzbek SSR architect, Stefan Polopanov was distinguished by a 25-meter expansion of Rotoma-Bundle, referring to the Eastern Palace Architecture. It is based on a last metal frame that has been corroded. The masters had to dismantle and replace it, as well as restore Rotunda's concrete crown with the installation of genuine details that exist to historical sites. Experts have revealed the fragments of genuine paint on the decoration of Rotontus's ceiling and return to the original option. The facades and the interior of the Soviet culture are also restored, the original color of the stall has been restored.
My favorite building at VDNH is Pavilion No. 35, Glavtabak, built under the project of Vyacheslav Kondratyev in 1954. Recovery, we managed to make the symbol return in the wind, Elena Maksimova said.
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Sculptures of the main characters of the country
Many stalls of VDNH adorn the sculptures to honor the achievements of agriculture and workers. They are done in the image of antiques.
For example, on the roof of the No. 1 Central Central booth, a seven -meter -seven -meter collective farmer and collective farmers made by George Motovilov installed. Durable metal allows the statues to stay in the right position in a satisfactory state – recovery houses only delete them from soot, oxide and corrosion contamination.
Booth No. 18 Republic of Belarus Belarus Grigory Zakharov and Zinaida Chernysheva Crown five two -meter sculptures. This is a scientist, scientists of Muslims, collective farmers, operators, machiners and machinery operators. They symbolize the common industries in the SSR of the Bethlehum. Yes, these are copies made of concrete. The originals are also cast from reinforced concrete, have been dilapidated over the years.
We have organized conservation measures and put them inside the booth: It is impossible to make artworks must have climate effects. But on the roof, the mother statue of the mother with a wreath and a buoy, covered by channels preserved in gold.
Visitors to the Soviet cultural stall at the entrance are welcomed by a Chaban-Karakulovod, with collectors of sheep and collectors clapping. They were restored from the archive photos.
On the façade of the stall No. 51 meat industry, created under the project of architect Viktor Lisitsyn and Serge Chernokaya and like an ancient Greek temple, colored concrete bulls, grazed.
We recreated the male cows in front of the stall from the stored photos. It is not easy: There are not many historical images, not enough different angles. The first version of the booth was built in 1939 the battle with a male cow was originally made of Terraz inflammation, but under the influence of wind and rainfall, the decoration layer was almost completely lost.
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Outstanding decoration: protein, leaf and network
In addition to sculptures, VDNH buildings are decorated with high summaries and reliefs. Therefore, on the pedal of the main facade and the door of the stall No. 67 Karelia Karelia (formerly the Soviet Printing), designed by Farid Rekhmukov and Alexei Reznichenko, you can see wooden fishermen by catching, sawn wood, as well as branching. During recovery, they are treated with special oils to protect against positive environmental impacts.
The facades of the stall No. 58 Islamic Agriculture (former Ukraine SSR SSR) are built under the project of famous architect Dmitry Chechulin, covered with yellow, pink and green colors from above.
It is one of the most difficult tasks. In the process of recovery, the cold documents of the missing pieces have been used, meaning they have compensated for the losses on the spot, without shot in the furnace. At the same time, a component has been used almost practically.
Of green, terracotta and yellow communication, the facade of Glavtabaka includes, and they all describe the stylized leaves and cigarettes. And the central part of the main facade of the Soviet cultural stall is decorated with a gang – casting with mortar from plaster and clay mixture, typical of Uzbekistan's architecture.
Mosaic walls and small pink
Each VDNH stall is maintained in its style not only from the outside, but also inside. However, not everything is preserved, but something turned out to be hidden under plaster and paint.
For example, in the process of restoring Glavtabak, it turned out that images of tobacco, flowers and boxes were found everywhere: on the floor made of Terrazzo (cement with marble chips), in chandeliers. All this is recreated from archive images.
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In the space stall on the wall, a brown mosaic picture has been found: on the green background, trees, power plants and railways are painted in yellow. And in the stall industry on the walls under a layer of yellow wax, artificial marble of pink blue is hidden, clear, causing thoughts about meat products. Recovery houses cover it with fresh wax, allowing you to maintain color.
In addition, they decided to leave the genuine floor in the gallery, despite their curvature and uneven. The important thing for recovery houses is to maintain the genuine floor of the floor, including Metlah bricks, he summarizes Elena Maksimova.
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