The construction started in January 1955, the first start was held in 1957 and the first man went to the universe on April 12, 1961. But on June 2, 1955, the common staff approved the staff of the military unit 11284, to confuse spies, often change the address for sending mail, Tashk-90, Moscow-400, Moscow-400. Cosmodrom is built on the shore of Syr Darya near the tuiratam terminal of Moscow railway -Tashkent. Where does Baikonur's name come from? Again – you must confuse traces. In the steppe near Karaganda near the old Baikonur village, a thousand kilometers from Cosmodrom have built huge wooden mannequins. Poets were protected until the 1970s, when there was no geographical secret. In order for the spies to go completely from spies, the city becomes Leninsky, in documents called Taiga, the airport is called extremist. In 1995, the city received the legal name Baikonur.
From here, all our astronauts began. Space stations, compartments of the international terminal and Glonass satellites are displayed from Baikonur. From here, the Buran space aircraft flew up and from here, the heavy missile protons into the space. 75 percent of Russia's starting space is Baikonur. For decades, our country has held its first place in terms of the starting space, but since 2018, it has been inferior to the United States and China.
However, for six years in our astronauts, there is no accident. The reliability is guaranteed by the infrastructure of Baikonur, which is still the best in the world. From the edge to the edge of Baikonur – nearly 100 km. 10 starting complexes and 15 launchers, 4 launchers for intercontinental missiles, 11 cases of installation and testing, 34 complexes to prepare in advance samples, 3 gas stations for many different fuels, a powerful computing center, an Oxy-anesotal factory, producing 300 tons of cold products per day. Infrastructure has two first -class airports, 470 km of tracks, 1300 km of roads, 3000 km of communications, 6700 km of power lines, 600 transformer stations.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Baikonur turned out to be the property of Kazakhstan and was hired to Russia until 2050. The army from Baikonur left, Cosmodrom was balanced by Roscosmos, this was 5 % of the budget. Along with federal, city and cosmodrom deductions, the treasury cost of 6 billion rubles.
The demographic situation on Baikonur has changed. Branches of cosmic centers and Russian universities work in the city, including Mai. After the crisis in the 1990s, a line of experts happened. Baikonur today has people in the residents of the surrounding villages, who occupy the abandoned apartment. Now the ratio of Kazakh in Baikonur exceeds 90 percent.
Russia is building in the Amur area is a new cosmodrom. The project has many plus points and minus compared to Baikonur. The first beginnings were organized, but whether it was planned to reduce the rate of Baikonur to 10 percent, according to the plan and question. Does Kazakhstan need Baikonur without Russia? The prospect of the Kazakh space complex of beekeepers in dense fog. Perhaps, Kazakhstan will abandon Russian new Angara missile and move to Zenit or even to the old alliance, which creates the glory of Baikonur.